Neurobiological Substrates of Dread

Neurobiological substrates of dread.

Given the choice of waiting for an adverse outcome or getting it over with quickly, many people choose the latter. Theoretical models of decision-making have assumed that this occurs because there is a cost to waiting-i.e., dread. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the neural responses to waiting for a cutaneous electric shock. Some individuals dreaded the outcome so much ...

Supporting Online Material for Neurobiological Substrates of Dread

Neurobiological Substrates of Illiteracy

The brain can be understood as an organ that adapts to several types of internal and external influences. The interaction of these complex concurrent stimuli along life shapes the highly differentiated biologic arrangement of the brain and its consequent physiology, at any given time. The past years have seen a significant development of the knowledge about the neural substrate of language in i...

Tinnitus: neurobiological substrates.

Tinnitus is an auditory phantom sensation of ringing in the ears that is experienced when no external sound is present. It is a prevalent disorder that is frequently caused by insults to the peripheral auditory and somatosensory systems, especially in the elderly. This creates an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory transmitter actions in the midbrain, auditory cortex and brainstem (wher...

Neurobiological substrates of Tourette's disorder.

OBJECTIVE This article reviews the available scientific literature concerning the neurobiological substrates of Tourette's disorder (TD). METHODS The electronic databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies using relevant search terms. RESULTS Neuropathological as well as structural and functional neuroimaging studies of TD implicate not only the sensor...